A sperm donor who unknowingly harboured a genetic mutation that dramatically raises the risk of cancer has fathered at least 197 children across Europe, a major investigation has revealed.<\/p>\n
Some children have already died and only a minority who inherit the mutation will escape cancer in their lifetimes.<\/p>\n
The sperm was not sold to UK clinics, but the BBC can confirm a \u00ab\u00a0very small\u00a0\u00bb number of British families, who have been informed, used the donor’s sperm while having fertility treatment in Denmark.<\/p>\n
Denmark’s European Sperm Bank, which sold the sperm, said families affected had their \u00ab\u00a0deepest sympathy\u00a0\u00bb and admitted the sperm was used to make too many babies in some countries.<\/p>\n
The investigation has been conducted by 14 public service broadcasters, including the BBC, as part of the European Broadcasting Union’s Investigative Journalism Network.<\/p>\n
The sperm came from an anonymous man who was paid to donate as a student, starting in 2005. His sperm was then used by women for around 17 years.<\/p>\n
He is healthy and passed the donor screening checks. However, the DNA in some of his cells mutated before he was born.<\/p>\n
It damaged the TP53 gene \u2013 which has the crucial role of preventing the body’s cells turning cancerous.<\/p>\n
Most of the donor’s body does not contain the dangerous form of TP53, but up to 20% of his sperm do.<\/p>\n
However, any children made from affected sperm will have the mutation in every cell of their body.<\/p>\n
This is known as Li Fraumeni syndrome and comes with an up to 90% chance of developing cancer, particularly during childhood as well as breast cancer later in life.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0It is a dreadful diagnosis,\u00a0\u00bb Prof Clare Turnbull, a cancer geneticist at the Institute of Cancer Research in London, told the BBC. \u00ab\u00a0It’s a very challenging diagnosis to land on a family, there is a lifelong burden of living with that risk, it’s clearly devastating.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
MRI scans of the body and the brain are needed every year, as well as abdominal ultrasounds, to try to spot tumours. Women often choose to have their breasts removed to lower their risk of cancer.<\/p>\n
The European Sperm Bank said the \u00ab\u00a0donor himself and his family members are not ill\u00a0\u00bb and such a mutation is \u00ab\u00a0not detected preventatively by genetic screening\u00a0\u00bb. They said they \u00ab\u00a0immediately blocked\u00a0\u00bb the donor once the problem with his sperm was discovered.<\/p>\n
Doctors who were seeing children with cancer linked to sperm donation raised concerns at the European Society of Human Genetics this year.<\/p>\n
They reported they had found 23 with the variant out of 67 children known at the time. Ten had already been diagnosed with cancer.<\/p>\n
Through Freedom of Information requests and interviews with doctors and patients we can reveal substantially more children were born to the donor.<\/p>\n
The figure is at least 197 children, but that may not be the final number as data has not been obtained from all countries.<\/p>\n
It is also unknown how many of these children inherited the dangerous variant.<\/p>\n
Dr Edwige Kasper, a cancer geneticist at Rouen University Hospital, in France, who presented the initial data, told the investigation: \u00ab\u00a0We have many children that have already developed a cancer.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0We have some children that have developed already two different cancers and some of them have already died at a very early age.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
C\u00e9line, not her real name, is a single-mother in France whose child was conceived with the donor’s sperm 14 years ago and has the mutation.<\/p>\n
She got a call from the fertility clinic she used in Belgium urging her to get her daughter screened.<\/p>\n
She says she has \u00ab\u00a0absolutely no hard feelings\u00a0\u00bb towards the donor but says it was unacceptable she was given sperm that \u00ab\u00a0wasn’t clean, that wasn’t safe, that carried a risk\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n
And she knows cancer will be looming over them for the rest of their lives.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0We don’t know when, we don’t know which one, and we don’t know how many,\u00a0\u00bb she says.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0I understand that there’s a high chance it’s going to happen and when it does, we’ll fight and if there are several, we’ll fight several times.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
The donor’s sperm was used by 67 fertility clinics in 14 countries.<\/p>\n
The sperm was not sold to UK clinics.<\/p>\n
However, as a result of this investigation the authorities in Denmark notified the UK’s Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) on Monday that British women had travelled to the country to receive fertility treatment using the donor’s sperm.<\/p>\n
Those women have been informed.<\/p>\n
Peter Thompson, the chief executive of the HFEA, said a \u00ab\u00a0very small number\u00a0\u00bb of women were affected and \u00ab\u00a0they have been told about the donor by the Danish clinic at which they were treated\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n
We do not know if any British women had treatment in other countries where the donor’s sperm was distributed.<\/p>\n
Concerned parents are advised to contact the clinic they used and the fertility authority in that country.<\/p>\n
The BBC is choosing not to release the donor’s identification number because he donated in good faith and the known cases in the UK have been contacted.<\/p>\n
There is no law on how many times a donor’s sperm can be used worldwide. However, individual countries do set their own limits.<\/p>\n
The European Sperm Bank accepted these limits had \u00ab\u00a0unfortunately\u00a0\u00bb been breached in some countries and it was \u00ab\u00a0in dialogue with the authorities in Denmark and Belgium\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n
In Belgium, a single sperm donor is only supposed to be used by six families. Instead 38 different women produced 53 children to the donor.<\/p>\n
The UK limit is 10 families per donor.<\/p>\n
Prof Allan Pacey, who used to run the Sheffield Sperm Bank and is now the deputy vice president of the Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health at the University of Manchester, said countries had become dependent on big international sperm banks and half the UK’s sperm was now imported.<\/p>\n
He told the BBC: \u00ab\u00a0We have to import from big international sperm banks who are also selling it to other countries, because that’s how they make their money, and that is where the problem begins, because there’s no international law about how often you can use the sperm.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
He said the case was \u00ab\u00a0awful\u00a0\u00bb for everybody involved, but it would be impossible to make sperm completely safe.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0You can’t screen for everything, we only accept 1% or 2% of all men that apply to be a sperm donor in the current screening arrangement so if we make it even tighter, we wouldn’t have any sperm donors \u2013 that’s where the balance lies.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
This case, alongside that of a man who was ordered to stop after fathering 550 children through sperm donation, has again raised questions over whether there should be tougher limits.<\/p>\n
The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology has recently suggested a limit of 50 families per donor.<\/p>\n
However, it said this would not reduce the risk of inheriting rare genetic diseases.<\/p>\n
Rather, it would be better for the wellbeing of children who discover they are one of hundreds of half-siblings.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0More needs to be done to reduce the number of families that are born globally from the same donors,\u00a0\u00bb said Sarah Norcross, the director of the Progress Educational Trust, an independent charity for people affected by infertility and genetic conditions.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0We don’t fully understand what the social and psychological implications will be of having these hundreds of half siblings. It can potentially be traumatic,\u00a0\u00bb she told BBC News.<\/p>\n
The European Sperm Bank said: \u00ab\u00a0It is important, especially in light of this case, to remember that thousands of women and couples do not have the opportunity to have a child without the help of donor sperm.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0It is generally safer to have a child with the help of donor sperm if the sperm donors are screened according to medical guidelines.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
Sarah Norcross said these cases were \u00ab\u00a0vanishingly rare\u00a0\u00bb when you consider the number of children born to a sperm donor.<\/p>\n
All of the experts we spoke to said using a licensed clinic meant the sperm would be screened for more diseases than most fathers-to-be are.<\/p>\n
Prof Pacey said he would ask \u00ab\u00a0is this a UK donor or is this a donor from somewhere else?\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0If it’s a donor from somewhere else I think it’s legitimate to ask questions about has that donor been used before? Or how many times will this donor be used?\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n
If you or someone you know has been affected by the issues raised, details of help and support are available at BBC Action Line.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A sperm donor who unknowingly harboured a genetic mutation that dramatically raises the risk of cancer has fathered at least 197 children across Europe, a major investigation has revealed. Some children have already died and only a minority who inherit the mutation will escape cancer in their lifetimes. The sperm was not sold to UK […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9544","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-uncategorized"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/placedesnations.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/placedesnations.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/placedesnations.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/placedesnations.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/placedesnations.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9544\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/placedesnations.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/placedesnations.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/placedesnations.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}